Diotima

Suicidal Males in Greek and Roman Mythology: A Catalogue

Dr. Elise P. Garrison
e-garrison@tamu.edu
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX
January 2001

The following is a catalogue arranged alphabetically of the males of mythology who commit suicide, along with a thumbnail sketch of their lives and deaths. For more narrative details please consult E. Tripp, The Meridian Handbook of Classical Mythology (Meridian 1970); J.E. Zimmerman, Dictionary of Classical Mythology (Bantam 1964); P. Grimal, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, tr. A.R. Maxwell-Hyslop (Oxford 1996); or J. March, Cassell Dictionary of Classical Mythology (Cassell 1998). For convenience the primary sources dealing specifically with the suicides have been gathered and here presented in English in chronological order, and there is a bibliography of these sources with brief biographical notes at the end of the catalogue. For an interpretive essay, please see my forthcoming article. See also Suicide in Classical Mythology: An Essay and Suicidal Females in Greek and Roman Mythology: A Catalogue

Acamas (a.k.a. Demophon)

A son of Theseus and Phaedra, husband of Phyllis. When once he had to leave Phyllis, she gave him a box warning him not to open it unless he had decided never to return. Eventually Acamas opened the box and driven mad by its contents galloped wildly away on his horse until he was thrown and died by falling on his own sword.

Pseudo-Apollodorus, Epitome 6.17
When the time appointed for his return had passed Phyllis cursed Demophon and killed herself. Demophon opened the basket and was overcome with fear. He mounted his horse and spurred it on so violently that the horse stumbled. He was thrown and fell upon his sword and so lost his life.

Adrastus

A king of Argos and leader of the Seven Against Thebes, who in later life along with a son Hipponous threw himself into a fire in response to an oracle from Apollo.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Adrastus and Hipponous his son, threw themselves into the fire because of an oracle of Apollo.

Aegeus

A king of Athens, father of Theseus, who either flung himself from the Acropolis or into the sea, now called the Aegean, when Theseus returning from Crete failed to change the sails on his ship to alert Aegeus of his victory. Aegeus, in grief thinking his son had been killed, killed himself.

Hyginus, Fables 43
However, when Theseus left, he forgot to change the black sails, and so his father Aegeus judged that he had been devoured by the Minotaur. He threw himself into the sea, which was called Aegean from this.
Hyginus, Fables 242
Aegeus, son of Neptune, threw himself into the sea, and the Aegean Sea is called from this.
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Epitome 1.10
Grieving for Ariadne, Theseus forgot to spread the white sail when he sailed for home. From the Acropolis, Aegeus saw the ship with a black sail and thinking that Theseus was dead, threw himself down from the Acropolis and died.
Plutarch, Life of Theseus 22.1
It is said, moreover, that as they drew nigh the coast of Attica, Theseus himself forgot, and his pilot forgot, such was their joy and exultation, to hoist the sail which was to have been the token of their safety to Aegeus, who therefore, in despair, threw himself down from the rock and was dashed to pieces.
Pausanias 1.22.5
For the ship that carried the young people to Crete began her voyage with black sails; but Theseus, who was sailing on an adventure against the bull of Minos, as it was called, had told his father beforehand that he would use white sails if he should sail back victorious over the bull. But the loss of Ariadne made him forget the signal. Then Aegeus, when from this eminence he saw the vessel borne by the black sails, thinking that his son was dead, threw himself down to destruction.
Servius, On Aeneid 3.74
But after he had killed the Minotaur, he forgot and began to return not with white but with black sails and gave the signal for destruction to his father sadly standing on the look-out. The father, believing that his son had died, threw himself into the sea, whereupon the sea was called the Aegean. (My translation-Perseus)

Aeson

Father of Jason, half-brother of Pelias. While Jason was away on his expedition, Pelias forced Aeson to commit suicide.

Diodorus of Sicily 4.50
Consequently Pelias, thinking that an occasion was now come to do away with all who were waiting for the throne, forced the father of Jason to drink the blood of a bull, and murdered his brother Promachus, who was still a mere lad in years.
Pseudo-Apollodorus 1.9.27
Pelias had given up the return of the Argonauts as hopeless and wanted to kill Aeson, but he asked to be allowed to kill himself. While performing a sacrifice he drank a large quantity of the blood of the bull and died. Jason's mother cursed Pelias and hanged herself.
Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica I. 818-26
Eagerly they drank and drained the [bull's] blood from the bowl. A tumult arose; with a shout there burst in soldiers bearing stern commands and weapons drawn at the king's behest. They behold the aged pair already in the grip of doom, their eyes dulled in death, and spewing forth a poisonous stream of blood; and thee, child, innocent on the threshold of life and pale at the sight of thy parents' death, they mutilate and set thee with thy kindred. Nearby Aeson shuddered as he passed away, and his ghost carried the memory to the clouds above.

Agrius

A king of Calydon whose sons drove his brother Oeneus from the throne and gave the kingdom to their father. Later Oeneus' grandson Diomedes avenged him by killing some or all of Agrius' sons and expelled Agrius who then killed himself.

Hyginus, Fables 175
He [Diomedes] killed him [Lycopeus], expelled the needy Agrius from the kingdom, and restored it to his grandfather Oeneus. Afterwards Agrius, expelled from his kingdom, killed himself.
Hyginus, Fables 242
Agrius, son of Parthaon, when driven from his kingdom by Diomedes, killed himself.

Ajax

Son of Telamon, a brave Greek hero in the Trojan War, second only to Achilles in prowess. When after Achilles' death his arms were awarded to Odysseus instead of Ajax, he was so angry that he intended to kill the leaders of the Greeks. In a state of madness sent by Athena he slaughtered instead the herds of the Greek forces. When he recovered he felt such shame that he slew himself with Hector's sword.

Sophocles, Ajax 864-5
Ajax: This is the last word that Ajax speaks to you. The rest he will tell to the shade in Hades. (He falls upon his sword.)
Ovid, Metamorphoses 389-93
Saying this, he [Ajax] turned toward the vital spot
Hyginus, Fables 107
Ajax, harboring rage, in madness slaughtered his flocks, and killed himself with that sword he had received from Hector as a gift when the two met in battle line.
Hyginus, Fables 242
Ajax, son of Telamon, killed himself because of the Judgment of Arms.
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Epitome 5.6-7
Deranged by grief, Ajax planned to attack the army at night, but Athena made him insane. She turned him sword in hand toward the cattle, so that in his madness he slaughtered them and their herdsmen, thinking that they were Achaeans. When he later recovered his sanity, he killed himself.
Scholia on Sophocles Ajax 833
According to the story, Ajax was invulnerable except at the armpit because Heracles used his lion skin to cover him but left the part under the quiver uncovered. They say that according to Aeschylus the sword bent back like a bow from the unyielding flesh until some spirit showed him at which place he should use the sword. (My translation-TLG)
Scholia in Lycophron 455ff
No one could wound him [Ajax] because he guarded himself very well and carried a shield. When he turned the sword on himself he thrust it into the neck or the ribs since according to the story he was vulnerable in these places. (My translation-TLG)

Althaemenes

The son of Catreus who was told by an oracle that one of his four children would kill him. Althaemenes somehow learned of the oracle and left to avoid fulfilling it. When sometime later Catreus went to find his son and bring him home, he and his crew were mistaken for pirates and attacked. Althaemenes unknowingly killed his father. When he discovered what he had done, he prayed to the gods for death and was swallowed up by the earth.

Pseudo-Apollodorus 3.2.2
While they [cowherds] were throwing rocks at him Althaemenes arrived, threw his javelin, and killed him, not knowing that he was his father. When he later learned what he had done he was swallowed up by a chasm in answer to a prayer.

Ameinias

An adamant but rejected lover of Narcissus who killed himself with his sword, after calling on the gods to bring vengeance on Narcissus.

Conon, Narrations 24 (FGrH i. pp. 197-8)
Ameinias was very adamant and needy. Since he was not desired in return he took a sword and killed himself before the doors of Narcissus, praying earnestly for the god to avenge him. Accordingly, Narcissus when he saw his appearance and beauty in a stream fell adamantly in love with himself. Finally being at a loss and believing that he had suffered justly in return for how he had humiliated him [Ameinias], he killed himself. (My translation)

Amphion

Brother of Zethus and husband of Niobe, who bore him many sons and daughters. Because of Niobe's boasting, however, Apollo and Artemis killed all the children, and in grief Amphion stabbed himself.

Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.288-90
Nor would she, till her lord, Amphion, thrust

Arion

A Greek poet and bard who on the way back home to Corinth from a successful tour of Sicily was threatened by the ship's crew. He therefore asked that he be allowed to put on his full costume and sing once more before dying. To the surprise of the crew, he leapt overboard to his apparent suicide.

Herodotus 1.23-24
He [Arion] got wind of their intention, and begged them to take his money, but spare his life. To no purpose, however; for the sailors told him either to kill himself if he wanted to be buried ashore, or to jump overboard at once. Arion, seeing they had made up their minds, as a last resource begged permission to stand on the after-deck, dressed in his singing robes, and give them a song; the song over, he promised to kill himself. Delighted at the prospect of hearing a song from the world's most famous singer, the sailors all made their way forward from the stern and assembled amidships. Arion put on his full professional costume, took up his lute and, standing on the after-deck, played and sang a lively tune. Then he leapt into the sea, just as he was, with all his clothes on.
Hyginus, Fables 194
But when the sound of the lyre and his voice were heard, dolphins came about the ship, and at sight of them he threw himself into the sea. They raised him up and bore him to Corinth to King Pyranthus.
Hyginus, Poetic Astronomy 2.17
Then, invoking the power of the immortal gods, he threw himself down upon them [the dolphins in the sea] and one of them took him and carried him to the shore at Taenarum.

Attis

A Phrygian god and companion of Cybele, son of the hermaphrodite Agdistis [Acdestis]. Agdistis fell in love with his beautiful son Attis and later struck him with madness. In this state, he castrated himself and died of self-mutilation.

Pausanias 7.17.5
The gods were frightened of Agdistis and chopped off his male organs: and an almond tree grew out of them with the nuts already ripe. They say a daughter of the river Sangarios took some of the nuts and put them in a fold of her dress: at once the almonds disappeared and she was pregnant, and, when she abandoned the son she bore, a he-goat looked after him. This boy grew up more beautiful than the form of man is capable of being, and Agdistis fell in love with his son. When the boy was fully grown his family sent him away to Pessinous to marry the king's daughter; the wedding song was being sung when Agdistis appeared and Attis went mad and chopped off his private parts, and his bride's father did the same. Agdistis was obsessed by remorse for what he did to Attis, and got Zeus to grant that Attis's body should never corrupt or wither in the least degree.
Arnobius, The Case Against the Pagans 5.5ff
As for Acdestis, bursting with anger at having the boy torn from him and brought to have interest in a wife, he inspires all the guests with fury and madness. Terror-stricken, the Phrygians cry out "Adore, adore"; the daughter of the concubine of Gallus cuts off her breasts. Attis snatches the flute which the one who was goading them to fury was carrying, and being himself full of frenzy, and roving about, hurls himself down at last, and under a pine tree mutilates himself. With the stream of blood his life flits away.

Broteas

An artist who was driven insane by Artemis for refusing to honor her. Believing that he was immune to flames, he threw himself into a fire and died.

Pseudo-Apollodorus, Epitome 2.2
Broteas, a hunter, failed to honor Artemis and even claimed that he could not be harmed by fire. He then went insane and hurled himself into a fire.

Broteas (2)

The son of Vulcan and Minerva who grew so tired of being taunted for his ugliness that he burnt himself.

Ovid, Ibis 517-8
And that which they say Brotea did in longing for death,

Butes

A son of Boreas who became a pirate. He raped one of Dionysus's bacchants. When she complained to Dionysus the god drove Butes insane and he jumped into a well and drowned.

Diodorus of Sicily 5.50
He [Butes] captured Coronis and compelled her to have sex with him. After the rape she bore the outrage badly and called on Dionysus to help her. He sent a madness to Butes causing him to hurl himself in a well and to die.

Caeneus

Caeneus was born Caenis, a beautiful girl, who after being violated by Poseidon asked to be changed into a male so as never to experience such an indignity again. Only Hyginus records the suicide.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Caeneus, son of Elatus, killed himself.

Cinyras (a.k.a. Thias)

A wealthy king and priest of Aphrodite, who was punished because of the blasphemy of his wife who claimed that her daughter Smyrna (a.k.a Myrrha) was more beautiful than the goddess. Aphrodite caused the daughter to fall in love with her father and aided by her nurse conceived a child (Adonis) by him while he was intoxicated. When Cinyras learned the truth he killed himself.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Cinyras, son of Paphos, King of the Assyrians, because he had laid with his daughter Smyrna [killed himself].
Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 34
Thias, father of Smyrna, did away with himself for this unlawful act.

Clymenus

A king of Arcadia who raped and impregnated his daughter Harpalyce. When the child was born, she cut it up and served it to Clymenus at a banquet. When he discovered what he had eaten, he killed her and then himself.

Parthenius, Love Stories 13
Clymenus when he began to reflect on all these disasters that had happened to his family, took his own life.
Hyginus, Fables 242
Clymenus, son of Schoeneus, King of Arcadia, killed himself because he had lain with his daughter.

Codrus

A legendary king of Athens. According to legend, the Dorians who wished to attack Athens had learned that if they harmed the king of Athens they would not be able to take her. When Codrus learned of this oracle, he disguised himself, picked a quarrel with the invaders, and they killed him.

Hellenicus (FGrH F 1a,4, F 125)
Codrus, son of Melanthus, assumed the kingship, but he died on behalf of his country in the following way. During the war between the Dorians and the Athenians, the god oracled that the Dorians would take Athens if they did not kill the king, Codrus. Codrus learned of this, and dressed himself in cheap raiment like a woodsman. He carried a sickle and went into the camp of the enemy. Two of the soldiers opposed him, but he struck and killed one. The other one, not knowing who he was, struck and killed him. (My translation-TLG)
Lycurgus, Against Leocrates 86-87
And such was the nobility, gentlemen, of those kings of old that they preferred to die for the safety of their subjects rather than to purchase life by the adoption of another country. That at least is true of Codrus, who, they say, told the Athenians to note the time of his death and, taking a beggar's clothes to deceive the enemy, slipped out by the gates and began to collect firewood in front of the town. When two men from the camp approached him and inquired about conditions in the city he killed one of them with a blow of his sickle. The survivor, it is said, enraged with Codrus and thinking him a beggar drew his sword and killed him.
Velleius Paterculus, History of Rome I.2
It was about this time that Athens ceased to be governed by kings. The last king of Athens was Codrus the son of Melanthus, a man whose story cannot be passed over. Athens was hard pressed in war by the Lacedaemonians, and the Pythian oracle had given the response that the side whose general should be killed by the enemy would be victorious. Codrus, therefore, laying aside his kingly robes and donning the garb of a shepherd, made his way into the camp of the enemy, deliberately provoked a quarrel, and was slain without being recognized. By his death Codrus gained immortal fame and the Athenians the victory.
Justin ii. 6
Codrus was the king of the Athenians at that time. Because he knew of the oracle of the god and the orders of the enemy, he changed his regal attire for rags and carrying on his neck brushwood he entered the camp of the enemy. There in a throng of those resisting, he was killed by a soldier, whom he had wounded with a sickle in the city. When the body of the king was recognized, the Dorians left without a battle. And so the Athenians were freed because of the virtue of their leader who offered himself to die for the safety of the fatherland. (My translation-The Latin Library)

Coresus

A priest of Dionysus who loved unsuccessfully Callirrhoe. When he asked Dionysus for help, the god caused the Calydonians to go mad. An oracle explained that the madness would only be lifted upon the sacrifice of Callirrhoe. At the moment when the priest Coresus was to perform the sacrifice, he found that he loved Callirrhoe more than his own life and stabbed himself, becoming the proxy victim.

Pausanias 7.21.4
When everything had been prepared for the sacrifice according to the oracle from Dodona, the maiden was led like a victim to the altar. Corseus stood ready to sacrifice, when, his resentment giving way to love, he slew himself in place of Callirrhoe. He thus proved in deed that his love was more genuine than that of any other man we know.

Demophon (cf. Acamas)

Evenus

A son of Ares and Demonice. When Idas carried off Evenus' daughter, Marpessa, Evenus pursued his chariot until he could go no further. Then he killed his horses and drowned himself from rage or grief.

Ovid, Ibis 513
Or like Evenus, drowned in a river torrent...
Hyginus, Fables 242
Evenus, son of Hercules, threw himself into the river Lycormas, now called Chrysorrhoas.
Pseudo-Apollodorus 1.7.8
Evenus had a daughter, Marepssa, who, although Apollo courted her, was carried off by Idas, the son of Aphareus, in a winged chariot which he got from Poseidon. Evenus pursued him in a chariot to the river Lycormas but was unable to overtake him. He slaughtered his horses at the river and threw himself into it.

Haemon

Son of Creon and Eurydice, who having failed in his murder attempt against his father, turned the knife against himself and died.

Sophocles, Antigone 1175-7
Messenger: Haemon is dead-his blood was shed by no strange hand.
Hyginus, Fables 72
When they [Polynices' sisters] were caught by the guards, Argia escaped, but Antigona was brought before the king. He gave her to his son Haemon, to whom she was betrothed, to be put to death. Haemon out of love disobeyed his father's command, entrusted Antigona to shepherds, and falsely claimed he had killed her. When she bore a son, and he grew to manhood, he came to Thebes to the games; Creon recognized him because all those of the dragon's progeny have a mark on their bodies. When Hercules begged him to pardon Haemon, he did not win his request. Haemon killed himself and his wife Antigona.

Heracles

The son of Zeus and Alcmene, greatest universal hero of classical mythology. In all versions of his death he commands a pyre to be built and lit once he has stepped upon it, but only Hyginus says that he leapt into the already flaming pyre.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Hercules, son of Jove, cast himself into the fire.

Hipponous (cf. Adrastus)

Jason

Leader of the Argonauts, husband of Medea. According to some writers, Jason, overcome with grief and disgrace after Medea took her revenge on him, committed suicide.

Diodorus of Sicily 4. 55
Meanwhile, they go on to say, in the opinion of everyone Jason, in losing children and wife, had suffered only what was just; consequently, being unable to endure the magnitude of the affliction, he put an end to his life.

Lycurgus

A king of the Edonians in Thrace, who resisted Dionysus and his followers. As punishment Dionysus drove him mad and some writers say that in his madness he killed himself.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Lycurgus, son of Dryas, killed himself in madness sent by Liber.

Macareus (a.k.a. Macar)

A son of Aeolus who killed himself after committing incest with his sister Canace.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Macareus, son of Aeolus, killed himself on account of Canace, his sister, his beloved.
Plutarch, Lesser Parallels 312C
And judging herself [Canace] lawless she fell on the sword sent by her father and perished. And Macareus did likewise. (My translation--TLG)

Menestratos

A Thespian youth who sacrificed himself to a dragon in order to save his lover Cleostratus.

Pausanias 9.26.7-8
But when the lot fell on Cleostratus, his lover Menestratus, they say, devised a trick. He had made a bronze breastplate, with a fish-hook, the point-turned outwards, upon each of its plates. Clad in the breastplate he gave himself up, of his own free will, to the dragon, convinced that having done so he would, though destroyed himself, prove the destroyer of the monster.

Menoeceus

A son of Creon and Eurydice who in order to comply with an oracle to save Thebes leapt from the walls of the city.

Euripides, Phoenecian Women 1090-4
After Creon's son, who gave up his life for his country, had taken his stand on the turret's top and plunged a dark-hilted sword through his throat to save this land,
Hyginus, Fables 242
Menoeceus, father of Jocaste, threw himself from the wall on account of the pestilence at Thebes.
Pseudo-Apollodorus 3.6.7
When the Thebans consulted Tiresias, he said that they would win if Menoeceus, the son of Creon, freely offered himself as a sacrifice to Ares. When Menoeceus heard this he killed himself in front of the gates.
Pausanias 9.25.1
Very near to the Neistan gate at Thebes is the tomb of Menoeceus, the son of Creon. He committed suicide in obedience to the oracle from Delphi, at the time when Polyneices and the host with him arrived from Argos.

Narcissus

A beautiful youth, son of the Boeotian river god Cephisus and the nymph Leiriope of Thespiae. Though desired by many, he rejected them all. One rejected lover, Ameinias, killed himself after calling for vengeance. His prayers were granted when one day Narcissus caught sight of himself in a spring and instantly fell in love with himself. According to one source, in despair he killed himself.

Conon, Narrations 24 (FGrH i. pp. 197-8)
Ameinias was very adamant and needy. Since he was not desired in return he took a sword and killed himself before the doors of Narcissus, praying earnestly for the god to avenge him. Accordingly, Narcissus when he saw his appearance and beauty in a stream fell adamantly in love with himself. Finally being at a loss and believing that he had suffered justly in return for how he had humiliated him [Ameinias], he killed himself. (My translation)

Nisus

The son of Mars and king of the Megarians who had a purple lock of hair on his head. Knowing from an oracle that he would rule as long as he preserved that lock, when his daughter betrayed him and cut it off in order to help the invader Minos, he killed himself.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Nisus, son of Mars, when he lost his fatal lock of hair, killed himself.

Nycteus

A king of Thebes, father of Antiope. When Antiope became pregnant by Zeus, she fled Thebes, but Nycteus killed himself from shame.

Pseudo-Apollodorus 3.5.5
Zeus made love with Antiope, a daughter of Nycteus. When her father threatened her after she became pregnant, she ran away to Epopeus at Sicyon and married him. Nycteus, in a fit of depression, commanded Lycus to punish Epopeus and Antiope and then killed himself.

Oedipus

The husband/son of Jocaste. Though typically he is said to have blinded himself and gone into exile, Hyginus relates that he killed himself.

Hyginus, Fables 242
Oedipus, son of Laius, because of his mother Jocaste, killed himself after being blinded.

Orpheus

Husband of Eurydice. He had almost rescued her from Hades, but he turned back to see if she was still following him. She instantly faded away and in one version he committed suicide.

Pausanias 9.30.6
He thought, they say, that the soul of Eurydice followed him, but turning round he lost her, and committed suicide for grief.

Pyramus

An Assyrian, lover of Thisbe. Finding her bloody cloak and assuming she had been killed by a lion, he killed himself with his sword.

Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.135-6
And he [Pyramus] imbued the steel, girt at his side, deep in his bowels;
Hyginus, Fables 242
Pyramus in Babylonia out of love for Thisbe killed himself.

Solois

An Athenian, contemporary of Theseus, who joined Theseus on the expedition against the Amazons. He fell in love with Antiope, and a friend of his, in whom he had confided, brought the case to Antiope who absolutely rejected the overtures. Solois then drowned himself in despair.

Plutarch, Theseus 26.4
Then Solois, in despair, threw himself into a river and drowned himself, and Theseus, when he learned the fate of the young man, and what had caused it, was grievously disturbed, and in his distress called to mind a certain oracle which he had once received at Delphi. For it had there been enjoined upon him by the Pythian priestess that when, in a strange land, he should be sorest vexed and full of sorrow, he should found a city there, and leave some of his followers to govern it. For this cause he founded a city there, and called it, from the Pythian god, Pythopolis, and the adjacent river, Solois, in honor of the young man.

Valerius

From Tusculum, father of Valeria and father/grandfather of Silvanus. He was tricked into sleeping with his daughter who became pregnant. When Valerius learned the truth he leapt from a cliff and killed himself.

Plutarch, Lesser Parallels 311B
Valerius, being depressed by these events hurled himself from the rocks. (My translation-TLG)

Bibliography

The primary sources for classical mythology span several centuries and genres. Below are the sources in alphabetic order with a brief sketch of each. Many of the sources are not available in English and they have been listed separately.

Primary sources readily available in English:

The Perseus Digital Library (www.perseus.tufts.edu) offers on-line access to many of the following sources, in both Greek or Latin and English.
Homer, Iliad and Odyssey, Greek epic poet 8^th c. BCE
Herodotus, Histories, Greek historian 5^th c. BCE
Greek Tragedians 5^th c. BCE:
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides (see catalogue above for play titles)
Demosthenes (see catalogue for works used), Greek orator 4^th c. BCE
Virgil, Aeneid, Roman epic poet 1^st c. BCE
Ovid, Metamorphoses, Roman poet 1^st c. BCE-1^st c. CE
Pausanias, Description of Greece, Greek geographer 2^nd c. CE
Plutarch (see catalogue for works used), Greek philosopher/biographer, 2^nd c. CE
Antoninus Liberalis, mythographer, 2^nd c. CE, The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis. ATranslation with a Commentary. F. Celoria. Routledge 1992.
Pseudo-Apollodorus, mythographer, 1^st c. CE?, Gods and Heroes of the Greeks. The Library of Apollodorus. Tr. M. Simpson. University of Massachusetts Press 1976.
Apollonius of Rhodes, poet/scholar, 3^rd c. BCE

The Voyage of Argo: The Argonautica. Tr. E.V. Rieu. Penguin Books 1986.

Cicero, Roman orator, 1^st c. BCE. Tusculan disputations, with an English translation. Tr. J. E. King. Harvard University Press 1950. Loeb Classical Texts.

Dares of Phyrgia/Dictys of Crete, supposed participants in the Trojan war, but the actual works were composed in the 2^nd or 3^rd c. CE, The Trojan War. The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian. Tr. R. M. Frazer, Jr. Indiana University Press 1966.

Diodorus of Sicily, historian, 1^st c. BCE, Diodorus of Sicily. Tr. C.H. Oldfather, Harvard University Press 1939. Loeb Classical Texts.

Fulgentius, mythographer, 5^th-6^th c. CE, Fulgentius the Mythographer. Tr. L. G. Whitbread. Ohio State University Press 1971.

Pseudo-Hyginus, mythographer, 1^st c. BCE?

The Myths of Hyginus. Ed. M.Grant. University of Kansas Press 1960.

Lycophron, Greek tragic poet/librarian, 4^th c. BCE, Lycophron with an English Translation. Tr. A.W. Mair. Harvard University Press 1969. Loeb Classical Texts.

Nonnos, epic poet in Egypt, 6^th c. CE?

Dionysiaca. Tr. W.H.D. Rouse. Harvard University Press 1940. Loeb Classical Texts.

Ovid (works not on Perseus), Ovid, The Love Poems. Tr. A.D.Melville with Intro and notes by E.J. Kenney. Oxford University Press 1990

Ovid. Heroides. Tr. H. Isbell. Penguin Books 1990.

Parthenius, Greek poet/mythographer, 1^st c. BCE, Daphnis and Chloe [The Love Romances of Parthenius]. Tr. S. Gaselee, G.P. Putnam's Sons 1916. LoebClassical Texts.

Pausanias, Greek geographer, 2^nd c. CE, Pausanias Guide to Greece, 2 vols. Tr. P. Levi. Penguin Classics 1971.

Quintus of Smyrna, Greek epic poet, 4^th c. CE, Quintus of Smyrna. The War at Troy: What Homer Didn't Tell. Tr. F. M. Combellack. University of Oklahoma Press 1968.

Seneca, Roman tragedian, 1^st c. CE, [Hercules Oetaeus] Seneca's Tragedies, with an English translation. Tr. Frank Justus Miller. Harvard University Press c1953. Loeb Classical Texts.

Statius, Roman poet, 1^st c. CE

Statius, Thebaid. Tr. J.H. Mozeley. Harvard University Press 1961. Loeb Classical Texts.

Valerius Flaccus, Roman poet, 1^st c. CE, Valerius Flaccus, with an English translation. Tr. J.H. Mozley. Harvard University Press 1936. Loeb Classical Texts.

Works not so readily available in English (Many of these authors are also available via the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae -- www.tlg.uci.edu)

Aelian, Roman philosopher/rhetorician, 2^nd — 3^rd c. CE: Various Narrations -- Aeliani De natura animalium, varia historia, epistolae et fragmenta. Porphyrii philosophi de abstinenta et de antro nympharum. Philonis. Paris 1858.
Apostolius, Proverb writer, 15^th c. CE, Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum. Vol. 1 and 2. Edd. E. L. Leutsch and F. G. Schneidewin. Gottingen 1839.
Conon, mythographer, 1^st c. BCE — 1^st c. CE

Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. (FGrH). Ed. Felix Jacoby. E.J. Brill c1986.

Dionysius Periegetes, Greek author, 2^nd c. CE?Ixeuticon seu de Aucupio. Ed. A. Garzya. Leipzig 1963.

Eustathius, monastic scholar, 12^th c. CE TLG.

Flavius Philostratus, philospher, 2^nd — 3^rd c. CE TLG.

Orphica, Argonautica, dates and authors unknown

Orphica. accedunt Procli Hymni, hymni magici. Ed. E. Abel. Leipzig 1885.

Philochorus, Atthidographer, 4^th c. BCE

Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. (FGrH). Ed. Felix Jacoby. E.J. Brill, c1986.

Plutarch (not all on Perseus): Greek Questions of Plutarch. Ed Halliday. Arno Press 1975; Lesser Parallels. TLG.

Scholia, bodies of notes which expound or criticize the works of various authors. TLG.

Servius, grammarian/commentator, 4^th c. CE On the Aeneid, Perseus

Stephanus of Byzantium, Greek grammarian 6^th c. CE, Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorvm quae svpersvnt. Ed. A. Meineke. Berlin 1849, repr. 1958. Also available on TLG.

Suda, Suidas. Suidae lexicon. Editio stereotypa editionis primae 1928-38. Stuttgart 1967-1971 (5 vols). Also available on TLG.

Tzetzes, Byzantine polymath, 12^th c. CE

Zenobius, Proverb writer, 15^th c. CE?, Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum. Vol. 1 and 2. Edd E. L. Leutsch and F. G. Schneidewin. Gottingen 1839.