were these men:
Phalaris[1], Echetos[2],
Dionysius,[3] and the tyrant of the Cassandreians,[4] [the last of these] exceeding all bounds in illegality; also Liggis, illegitimate brother of Illos -- he too [was] violent.[5]
[1] See
phi 43: Sicilian tyrant (c. 570-549 B.C.) who killed his enemies by roasting them in a brazen bull. See OCD(3) s.v.
[2] See
epsilon 3996: wicked king of Epirus who mutilated his victims, according to
Homer,
Odyssey 18.85-87, 166, 21.308.
[3] See
delta 1178:
Dionysius I of Syracuse, who was "portrayed by the anecdotal tradition, above all by the Academy, as the archetypal tyrant--paranoid, oppressive, obsessed with power" (OCD(3) s.v. "
Dionysius(1)").
[4] The "tyrant of the Cassandreians" (formerly
Poteidaia) is
Apollodorus. According to
Polyaenus, Stratagems 6.7,
Apollodorus "became the most murderous and cruel tyrant of all who had been tyrants both among the Greeks and the barbarians" (trans. P. Krentz and E.L. Wheeler).
[5] Cross-referenced at
lambda 501; otherwise unknown, but for Illo(u)s see
iota 324.
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