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Headword: Δύνωμαι
Adler number: delta,1579
Translated headword: I were able
Vetting Status: low
Translation:
It derives from δύνημι, δύναμαι ['I am able']:[1] [it is] subjunctive, ἐὰν δύνωμαι ['if I were able'] [1]. Every subjunctive which has an active form [which is] perispomenon[2] is properispomenon[3] [sc. in the middle-passive form]: ἱστῶ ['I set'], ἐὰν ἱστῶμαι ['if I were set']. But if [a verb] does not have an active form, it is proparoxytone[4] [sc. in the middle-passive form]: δύνωμαι ['I were able'], δύνωνται ['they were able'].[5]
And Homer [writes]: “If I am able to fulfill, and it is a practicable thing”. For [Aphrodite] has set a limit [saying that] the assignment received needs to be possible to fulfill and the matter itself has to be suitable for fulfillment.[6]
Greek Original:
Δύνωμαι: γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ δύνημι, δύναμαι: τὸ ὑποτακτικόν, ἐὰν δύνωμαι. πᾶν δὲ ὑποτακτικὸν ἔχον ἐνεργητικὸν περισπώμενον προπερισπᾶται: ἱστῶ, ἐὰν ἱστῶμαι. ἐὰν δὲ οὐκ ἔχῃ ἐνεργητικόν, προπαροξύνεται: δύνωμαι, δύνωνται. καὶ Ὅμηρος: εἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε, καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστί. περιώρικε γὰρ τὸν ἐπιδεχόμενον τελέσαι δυνατὸν εἶναι δεῖν, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ πρᾶγμα εὔθετον εἶναι πρὸς τὴν τελείωσιν.
Notes:
[1] δύναμαι is a deponent verb and actually there are no records in Greek writers of this theoretical active form δύνημι . Nonetheless it occurs in different lexicographic texts, e.g. Etymologicum Magnum and Etymologicum Gudianum, always to explain δύναμαι . In Etym.Magn. 290.24 (probably taken from Choeroboscus’ commentaries on the Psalms) the same verb is glossed in the subjunctive mood, as here, but in the third person plural: “δύνωνται : “from δύνημι : from which the passive δύναμαι ; the subjunctive, ἐὰν δύνωμαι . And it should be ἐὰν δυνῶμαι , like τιθῶμαι , but there is a rule saying that a -mi verb is properispomenon in the subjunctive [middle-passive], whenever the present [active] form occurs in practice: e.g. τίθημι , ἐὰν τιθῶμαι , ἵστημι , ἐὰν ἰστῶμαι . But when this form does not occur in practice, then [in the middle-passive form] it is proparoxytone: e.g. δύνημι, ἐὰν δύνωμαι , for δύνημι does not occur in practice. And the plural δύνωνται ”. Here Etym.Magn. seems not to take into account -νυμι verbs, which are proparoxytone in the subjunctive middle-passive form: e.g. δείκνυμι , in subjunctive form δεικνύωμαι .
[2] Perispomenon: a word with circumflex accent on the last syllable.
[3] Properispomenon: a word with circumflex accent on the penult. Nonetheless there is at least an exception for the second person singular, which is perispomenon also in the middle-passive form.
[4] Proparoxytone: a word with acute accent on the antepenult.
[5] Even if not explicitly as in Etymologicum Magnum, the compiler is recognising that the form δύνημι does not exist in practice; cf. n.1 above.
[6] Homer, Iliad 14.196 (with the participle τετελεσμένον translated according to G. Autenrieth: see web address 1 below), followed by Aristonicus’ scholion on the line.
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic
Translated by: Stefano Sanfilippo on 4 March 2005@02:43:35.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (tweaked headword, translation; streamlined notes; betacoding and other cosmetics) on 4 March 2005@04:58:44.
Catharine Roth (typo) on 4 March 2005@14:30:45.
Catharine Roth (typos) on 25 March 2008@00:55:21.
Catharine Roth (tweaked links) on 3 August 2011@22:34:15.
Catharine Roth (betacode cosmetics) on 7 October 2011@11:22:05.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics) on 7 October 2011@15:36:46.
Catharine Roth on 8 October 2011@12:46:23.

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