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Headword: Σάραπις
Adler number: sigma,117
Translated headword: Sarapis
Vetting Status: low
Translation:
Archbishop Theophilus[1] destroyed his statue in Alexandria[2] at the time of [emperor] Theodosius the Great.[3] Some said this [depicted] Zeus, some [said it was] the Nile[4] because it had on its head the bushel and the cubit, that is to say the measure of water; others [said that it was] Joseph, others [said that it was] Apis,[5] a rich man and king in the Egyptian city Memphis[6]. When a famine had occurred he provided food for the Alexandrians out of his own [stores], and after his death they built in honour of him a temple, in which a bull was bred, bearing a sign [distinctive] of the farmer and having some marks on the skin; [the bull] was also named after him and called Apis. The coffin of this Apis, in which his body lay, was transferred to Alexandria and they created a composite name out of the coffin [soros] and Apis and they called him Sorapis, but those afterwards [called him] Sarapis. An immense and brilliant temple for him was built by Alexander.[7]
Greek Original:
Σάραπις: τούτου ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ καθεῖλε Θεόφιλος ὁ ἀρχιεπίσκοπος τὸ ξόανον ἐπὶ Θεοδοσίου τοῦ μεγάλου. τοῦτο δὲ οἱ μὲν Δία ἔφασαν εἶναι, οἱ δὲ τὸν Νεῖλον διὰ τὸ μόδιον ἔχειν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ τὸν πῆχυν, ἤγουν τὸ τοῦ ὕδατος μέτρον, ἄλλοι δὲ τὸν Ἰωσήφ, ἕτεροι δὲ Ἄπιν τινὰ γεγονέναι ἄνθρωπον εὔπορον καὶ βασιλέα ἐν Μέμφιδι πόλει τῆς Αἰγύπτου. λιμοῦ δὲ γενομένου τοῖς Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τροφὴν παρέσχε, τετελευτηκότι δὲ αὐτῷ ναὸν ἀνέστησαν, ἐν ᾧ βοῦς ἐτρέφετο, σύμβολον φέρων τοῦ γεωργοῦ καί τινα δὲ ἔχων ἐν τῇ χροιᾷ ἐπίσημα, ὅστις ἐκ τῆς προσηγορίας αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἄπις ἐκαλεῖτο. τὴν δὲ σορὸν τούτου τοῦ Ἄπιδος, ἐν ἧ τὸ σῶμα ἔκειτο αὐτοῦ, ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ μετήνεγκαν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς σοροῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἄπιδος σύνθετον ὄνομα πεποιηκότες ἐκάλουν αὐτὸν Σόραπιν, οἱ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα Σάραπιν. τούτου ναὸς ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἐκτίσθη παμμεγέθης καὶ πάνυ λαμπρός.
Notes:
The text here is incorporated from Georgius Monachus, Chronicon 583.20-584.12. The destruction of the Serapeum (AD 391) is also recounted in Sozomenus, Historia Ecclesiastica 7.15.2-10.
Sarapis is a deity typical of the religious syncretism of Hellenistic Egypt and, later, the Roman Empire. See generally Richard Gordon in OCD(3) s.v., and more specialised bibliography below; cf. Wikipedia entries for Serapis and Serapeum at web addresses 1 and 2. In the Suda cf. mu 23 and sigma 1011. Also see Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride passim. On the origins of Sarapis, see Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus 4.48; Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica 10.12.24-25; Origen, Contra Celsum 5.38.29-38.
[1] Patriarch of Alexandria (AD 385-412). Wikipedia entry at web address 3.
[2] alpha 1119.
[3] theta 144.
[4] nu 289.
[5] alpha 3201 and alpha 3217.
[6] mu 583.
[7] alpha 1121.
References:
Merkelbach, R., Isis Regina - Zeus Sarapis. Die griechisch-ägyptische Religion nach den Quellen dargestellt, Stuttgart 1995
Roeder, G., “Sarapis”, RE I A,2 (1920), pp. 2394-2426
Schmid, E. Die Einführung des Sarapis in Alexandria, Naumburg 1909
Stambaugh, J.E., Sarapis Under the Early Ptolemies, Leiden 1972
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2
Web address 3
Keywords: aetiology; architecture; biography; Christianity; chronology; dialects, grammar, and etymology; food; history; mythology; religion; zoology
Translated by: Ioannis N. Doukas on 27 May 2007@19:19:07.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (augmented primary note; more keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 28 May 2007@04:28:10.
David Whitehead (another keyword) on 3 May 2011@10:18:36.

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