A Hebrew measurement;[1] it means a modius over-filled, so as to be one modius and a half: 15 liquid sextarii, or 25 liters.[2]
[1] Here given in the plural (perhaps quoted from the NT: Matt.13.33 or Luke 13.21).
[2]
Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 9.85, says that a
σάτον equals 1.5 Italian modii. In Heron,
de mens. 61.7, the word is correctly said to be feminine in Hebrew but neuter in Greek, and said to equal 22 sextarii.
Cleopatra,
de pond. et mens. fr. 80.7, says it is a modius cumulatus and that 3
σάτα equals three modii. Epiphanius,
de pond. et mens. 626ff., also has the information found in Heron but points out, "We say
σάτον not
σάτος ." He equates it with 1.25 modii and finally says that the correct Hebrew pronunciation is
σάα . The word is well known from Hebrew and Aramaic. One wonders whether this word actually entered Greek through Aramaic rather than Hebrew, since in that case it would be easier to account for the
τ in the Greek form.
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