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Headword: Ζεῦγμα
Adler number: zeta,33
Translated headword: yoke
Vetting Status: low
Translation:
Eunapios [sc. uses the word]. Ford of a river, bridge.[1]
"The most gentle currents of rivers are yoked by Romans, since this too always served as an exercise for the soldiers just like any other element of military science that was practiced, [and they did this] on the Istros [Danube], Rhenos [Rhine] and Euphrates. The method -- since not everybody knows about it -- is as follows: wide are the ships with which the river is yoked; they are anchored a little bit upstream, above the place where the yoking will take place. After the sign is given they send forth the first ship so it is borne downstream close to their own bank. As soon as it has reached the place for the yoking, they throw into the stream a basket full of stones tied with cord like an anchor. After the ship is moored and positioned by the bank, immediately planks and ties, of which the ship carries an abundant supply, are laid out toward the point of disembarcation. Then they send forth another ship little bit further from that one and the next one further than the second until they extend the yoke to the opposite bank. A ship as outfitted for war also carries turrets and a gate and archers and catapults. Since plenty of arrows were being shot against the people that were doing the yoking, Cassius orders them to fire arrows and catapults. When the first attackers fell for the barbarians others followed."[2]
Yoking a mule-team or ox-team, what is called a κλινίς ,[3] which is similar to a double seat [4], completes the entourage of the bride.[5] After taking her from her father's home they lead her on the cart to the house of the one who is marrying her when the evening is well advanced. Three of them sit on the cart, the bride in the middle and on either side the groom and the best man. He is the [groom's] most esteemed and beloved friend or relative. Since the cart used to be called an ὄχημα ['vehicle'], the one riding alongside [παροχούμενος ] in the third place was called the πάροχος ['best man']. From this custom even if people to go fetch the girl on foot the third in attendance is called a πάροχος .
Greek Original:
Ζεῦγμα: Εὐνάπιος. ἡ τοῦ ποταμοῦ διάβασις, ἡ γέφυρα. ζεύγνυται δὲ Ῥωμαίοις ἀπονώτατα τῶν ποταμῶν τὰ ῥεύματα, ἅτε καὶ τοῦτο διὰ μελέτης ἀεὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις ὥσπερ ἄλλο τι τῶν πολεμικῶν ἀσκούμενον, ἐπί τε Ἴστρῳ καὶ Ῥήνῳ καὶ Εὐφράτῃ. ἔστι δὲ ὁ τρόπος, οὐ γὰρ δὴ πάντας εἰδέναι, τοιόσδε: πλατεῖαι μέν εἰσιν αἱ νῆες, δι' ὧν ὁ ποταμὸς ζεύγνυται, ἀνορμίζονται δὲ ὀλίγον ἄνω τοῦ ῥεύματος ὑπὲρ τὸν μέλλοντα ζεύγνυσθαι τόπον. ἐπὰν δὲ τὸ σημεῖον δοθῇ, ἀφιᾶσι πρώτην μίαν ναῦν κατὰ ῥοῦν φέρεσθαι πλησίον τῆς οἰκείας ὄχθης. ἐπὰν δὲ κατὰ τὸν ζευγνύμενον ἥκῃ τόπον, ἐμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸ ῥεῦμα φορμὸν λίθων ἐμπεπλησμένον καλωδίῳ δήσαντες, ὥσπερ ἄγκυραν: ἀφ' οὗ δεθεῖσα ἡ ναῦς πρὸς τῇ ὄχθῃ ἵσταται σανίσι καὶ ζεύγμασιν, ἅπερ ἄφθονα αὐτοῖς ἡ ναῦς φέρει, παραχρῆμα μέχρι τῆς ἀποβάσεως καταστρώννυται. εἶτα ἄλλην ἀφιᾶσιν ὀλίγον ἀπ' ἐκείνης καὶ ἄλλην ἀπ' ἐκείνης, ἔστ' ἐπὶ τὴν ἀντιπέραν ὄχθη ἐλάσωσι τὸ ζεῦγμα. ἡ δὲ πρὸς τῇ πολεμίᾳ ναῦς καὶ πύργους ἐπ' αὐτῇ καὶ πυλίδα καὶ τοξότας καὶ καταπέλτας φέρει. βαλλομένων δὲ τῶν βελῶν πολλῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς ζευγνύντας ὁ Κάσσιος ἀφιέναι βέλη καὶ καταπέλτας κελεύει. πεσόντων δὲ τοῖς βαρβάροις τῶν πρώτων ἐφεστηκότων ἕτεροι ἧκον. Ζεῦγος ἡμιονικὸν ἢ βοεικὸν ζεύξαντες, τὴν λεγομένην κλινίδα, ἥ ἐστιν ὁμοία διέδρῳ, τὴν τῆς νύμφης μέθοδον ποιεῖται. παραλαβόντες δὲ αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς πατρῴας ἑστίας ἐπὶ τὴν ἅμαξαν ἄγουσιν ἐς τὰ τοῦ γαμοῦντος ἑσπέρας ἱκανῆς. κάθηνται δὲ τρεῖς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης, μέση μὲν ἡ νύμφη, ἑκατέρωθεν δὲ ὅ τε νυμφίος καὶ ὁ πάροχος. οὗτος δέ ἐστι φίλος ἢ συγγενὴς ὅτι μάλιστα τιμώμενος καὶ ἀγαπώμενος. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡ ἅμαξα ὄχημα ἐλέγετο, ὁ ἐκ τρίτου ὁ παροχούμενος πάροχος ἐκλήθη. καὶ ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς συνηθείας, κἂν πεζοὶ μετίωσί τινες κόρην, ὁ τρίτος συμπαρὼν πάροχος λέγεται.
Notes:
[1] Eunapios fr.93 FHG (4.54).
[2] Dio 71.2.4.
[3] Literally "little bed"; cf. Latin lectica.
[4] The revised supplement of LSJ replaces the interpretation of διέδριον as 'chaise-longue' with 'double seat', which is more appropriate according to other occurrences. See delta 897 and delta 897 (δίεδρον ).
[5] The participle translated here as "yoking" is nominative plural, yet "completes" is singular; emend ποιεῖται to ποιοῦνται , as in Photius etc..
Keywords: architecture; daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; gender and sexuality; geography; historiography; history; military affairs; science and technology; women; zoology
Translated by: Kiril Galev on 24 December 2003@10:37:45.
Vetted by:
William Hutton (modified translation, added notes and keywords.) on 28 December 2003@03:07:06.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 28 December 2003@06:57:37.
Antonella Ippolito (modified a word in translation; added a note and cross-references) on 6 April 2005@13:41:35.
Catharine Roth (tweak) on 17 December 2010@01:11:15.

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